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Rectangular Waveguide – TEmn Mode Visualizer

Interactive field plots for arbitrary TE modes with propagation along +z.

Mode: TE10 | fc = 6.56 GHz | λg = 39.8 mm | Propagating

Electric Field (E) – Cross‑section (xy‑plane)

Arrows show (Ex, Ey) direction & magnitude. Red = high intensity.

Magnetic Field (H) – Cross‑section (xy‑plane)

Arrows show (Hx, Hy) direction & magnitude. Blue = high intensity.

E‑field in x‑z plane (y = b/2)

Horizontal arrows: Ex (in‑plane). Color: total |E| intensity.

H‑field in x‑z plane (y = b/2)

Arrows: (Hx, Hz) in plane. Color: total |H| intensity.

E‑field in y‑z plane (x = a/2)

Vertical arrows: Ey (in‑plane). Color: total |E| intensity.

H‑field in y‑z plane (x = a/2)

Arrows: (Hy, Hz) in plane. Color: total |H| intensity.

Surface Current Density (Js) on Top Wall (y = b)

Color intensity: magnitude of Js (red = high).

📐 TEmn Field Equations

Ex = jωμ (nπ/b) H0 cos(mπx/a) sin(nπy/b) e-jβz / kc2
Ey = -jωμ (mπ/a) H0 sin(mπx/a) cos(nπy/b) e-jβz / kc2
Hx = -jβ (mπ/a) H0 sin(mπx/a) cos(nπy/b) e-jβz / kc2
Hy = -jβ (nπ/b) H0 cos(mπx/a) sin(nπy/b) e-jβz / kc2
Hz = H0 cos(mπx/a) cos(nπy/b) e-jβz

Cutoff wave number: kc = √[(mπ/a)² + (nπ/b)²]
Cutoff frequency: fc = c kc / (2π)
Propagation constant: β = √[k² - kc²] (real above cutoff)

📝 Description & Applications

Rectangular waveguides support TEmn and TMmn modes. TE10 is the dominant mode with lowest cutoff. Higher‑order modes allow more complex field patterns and are used in mode converters, filters, and multi‑mode systems.

Applications: High‑power microwave transmission, radar feed networks, satellite communications, particle accelerators.

Advantages: Low loss, high power handling. Disadvantages: Large size at lower frequencies, dispersion.
Limitation: Single‑mode bandwidth limited by next higher mode cutoff.

💡 Interview Questions

How does the field pattern change when you increase the mode index m or n?
What happens to the guide wavelength λg as frequency approaches cutoff?
Why can't we have a TE00 mode?
Explain the difference between propagating and evanescent modes.
How would you design a waveguide to support only the TE10 mode over a certain frequency range?